Stainless Steel 410 410 is a martensitic stainless steel which is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild environents and has fairly good ductility.
Stainless Steel 410 is a versatile martensitic stainless steel that offers high strength, hardness, and moderate corrosion resistance. It is widely used in industries such as automotive, petroleum, and manufacturing, where wear resistance and mechanical strength are essential.
AISI 410 stainless steel is a martensitic stainless steel known for its moderate corrosion resistance and good strength. It is magnetic and can be hardened through heat treatment.
410 is a martensitic stainless steel that is magnetic, resists corrosion in mild environments and has fairly good ductility. 410 pipe is used where abrasion and wear resistance is needed, combined with fair resistance to general corrosion and oxidation.
Resistant to mild corrosive environments but less so compared to austenitic grades like 304 or 316.
Can be welded using conventional methods but requires preheating and post-weld annealing to prevent cracking.
Easy to machine in annealed condition but becomes more difficult when hardened.
Stainless Steel 410 is a martensitic stainless steel known for its excellent mechanical properties, including high strength, good hardness, and moderate corrosion resistance. It is often used in applications where wear and tear, combined with the need for corrosion protection, are critical.
Stainless Steel 410 is part of the martensitic family of stainless steels. It contains high chromium content, which provides corrosion resistance, and is often heat-treated to improve its hardness and strength. The material is magnetic in both annealed and hardened conditions, making it unique compared to austenitic grades like 304 or 316.
Alloy 410 (UNS S41000) is a 12% chromium martensitic stainless steel plate that can be heat treated to obtain a wide range of mechanical properties.
| C | Cr | Mn | Ni | P | S | Si |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max | Max | Max | Max | Max | ||
| 0.15% | 11.5% - 13.5% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 0.04% | 0.03% | 0.75% |
| Material | Tempering Temp °C (°F) | 0.2 % Yield Strength (Mpa) | Ultimate Tensile Strength (Mpa) | % Elongation in 2" | % Reduction of Area | Charpy V Notch Impact Strength (J) | Hardness Brinell |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
260 (500) | 1089 | 1331 | 17 | 62 | 76 | 401 |
| Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
317 (700) | 1069 | 1296 | 17 | 60 | 66 | 401 |
| Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
482 (900) | 1014 | 1303 | 18 | 58 | 38 | 401 |
| Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
538 (1000) | 917 | 965 | 19 | 62 | 33 | 285 |
| Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
593 (1100) | 724 | 827 | 20 | 63 | 52 | 248 |
| Alloy 410 Bar Hardened 1850°F (1010°C) 30 mins, oil quench, tempered 4 Hrs |
649 (1200) | 634 | 731 | 21 | 65 | 119 | 223 |
Grade 410 stainless steels find applications in the following:
Tensile Requirements - Stainless Steel 410
The table below provides the suitable alternative grades to 410 stainless steels:
| Grade | Reasons for choosing the grade |
|---|---|
| 416 | High machinability is required, and the lower corrosion resistance of 416 is acceptable. |
| 420 | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained from 410 is needed. |
| 440C | A higher hardened strength or hardness than can be obtained even from 420 is needed. |
Corrosion Resistance
Grade 410 stainless steels are resistant to hot gases, steam, food, mild acids and alkalies, fresh water and dry air. These steels obtain maximum corrosion and heat resistance through hardening. However, grade 410 steels are less corrosion resistant than austenitic grades and grade 430 ferritic alloys containing 17% chromium. Smooth surface finish offers improved performance of steels.
Heat Resistance
Grade 410 steels have good scaling resistance at temperatures of up to 650 °C. However, the mechanical properties of the material will tend to reduce at temperatures ranging from 400 to 580 °C.
Heat Treatment
Annealing - Grade 410 steels can be fully annealed at temperatures from 815 to 900 °C, followed by slow furnace cooling and air-cooling. Process annealing of grade 410 steels can be carried out at temperatures ranging from 650 to 760 °C and air-cooled.
Hardening – Hardening of grade 410 steels can be performed at 925 to 1010 °C, followed by air and oil quenching. Heavy sections of grade 410 need to be oil quenched. Tempering, to enhance the mechanical properties and hardness of grade 410 steels, follows this process. It is not recommended to perform tempering at temperatures from 400 to 580 °C.
Welding
Grade 410 steels can be welded using all conventional welding techniques, but the materials should pre-heated at 150 to 260 °C followed by post-weld annealing treatment, to mitigate cracking. Grade 410 welding rods are recommended for tempering and post-hardening. In the "as welded" conditions, grade 309 filler rods can be used to achieve a ductile joint.
According to AS 1554.6 standards, grade 309 electrodes or rods are preferred for welding 410 steels.
Machining
Grade 410 steels can be easily machined in highly tempered or annealed conditions. However, it is hard to machine grade 410 steels if they are hardened above 30HRC. Free machining grade 416 is the best alternative.
Ceramic lined pipe is made through self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) technique.
Cast basalt lined steel pipe is composed by lined with cast basalt pipe, outside steel pipe and cement mortar filling between the two layers.
Ceramic tile lined pipes have very uniform coating of specially formulated ceramic material that is affixed to the inner of the pipe.
The material of the rare earth alloy wear-resistant pipe is ZG40CrMnMoNiSiRe, which is also the grade of rare earth alloy steel.
Tubes Erosion Shields are used to protect boiler tubing from the highly erosive effects of high temperatures and pressures thereby greatly extending tube life.
The ASTM A213 T91 seamless tubes are primarily used for boiler, superheater, and heat-exchanger.
