Barred Tee, barred tees, barred tee fitting, barred tee in pipeline, barred tee manufacturers, barred tee pipeline, barred tee piping Sunny Steeel

Barred tee is a pipe fitting that is used in a pig launcher or receiver system in a piping system to ensure the pig could pass the branch safely.

What are barred tees?

Barred tees, also known as branch outlet fittings or lateral tees, are a type of pipe fitting used in piping systems to create a branch connection at a 90-degree angle. What distinguishes barred tees from regular tees is the presence of a solid or reinforcing bar across the run of the tee. This bar helps provide structural support to the branch connection, especially in high-pressure and high-temperature applications.

The bar in a barred tee prevents direct fluid flow through the branch, which can be useful in certain scenarios. Barred tees are often used in applications where one pipe needs to be temporarily isolated or shut off, allowing for maintenance, inspection, or repairs on the connected branch without shutting down the entire system.

Barred tees are commonly manufactured from the same materials as regular tees, such as carbon steel, stainless steel, and other alloys. They are utilized in various industries, including oil and gas, petrochemicals, power generation, and more, where safety, durability, and efficient branch connections are essential.

Design considerations for barred tee

The barred tee will be used when there is a requirement for pigging. Thus, many of its applications can be found in the pipeline or in the subsea field.
The bar plates that welded internally at the branch are to avoid the pig from changing direction or getting stuck at the branch outlet.
The design of the bar plates must be in sufficient quantity, thickness and adequately spaced to ensure the smoothness for the pig to run through the main pipe, and at the same time not affecting the flow that was meant to flow through the branch. Normal practice is to ensure that the opening in the branch pipeline after guided bars is not more than 40% of the main pipeline area.
The size of the bars in the branch connection has to be small enough not to restrict the flow but large enough to sustain the pressure of the flow.
To ensure the smoothness, the bar plates have to be a grind to suit the branch curvature. Any sharp edges, spatters and burs are required to be removed. This smoothness of the pigging process is important to protect the sensor of the pig from damage.
Refer to Shell DEP 31.40.10.13-Gen Figure 4 above; the quantity of the bar plates start with two (2) pieces and increase as the ID of the branch increase.
The bar plates ideally will be equally spaced.
For larger tee (size 14 inches and above), there will be a bridge plate in the middle to support the bar stiffness when getting hit by the pig.
The material of the bar plates commonly used the same as the tee material for weldability.
Standard practice is to avoid welding of guide bars directly on the high-stress concentrated areas of the extrusion neck. Bar ends must be machined to fit the branch.
Weld Repairs on Parent metal is prohibited.

What is barred tee used for?

Barred tees are pipe fittings with two outlets, one at 90 ° to the connection to the main line that has tiny holes. Barred tees can either be extruded or fabricated and are used to connect two pieces of pipe or fittings. Barred tee is used in pipelines that are pigged.

The versatility of barred tees makes them indispensable in various industries:

Oil and Gas: In the oil and gas sector, where precise fluid management is crucial, barred tees are used to divert flow for sampling, testing, or directing fluid to auxiliary systems.
Petrochemical: Petrochemical plants rely on barred tees to ensure controlled flow in intricate processes like blending, mixing, and distribution of diverse chemicals.
Power Generation: Barred tees find application in power plants to redirect flow for maintenance purposes or to divert steam or cooling water to specific sections of the facility.

The barred tee will be used when there is a requirement for pigging. Thus, many of its applications can be found in the pipeline or in the subsea field. The bar plates that are welded internally at the branch are to avoid the pig from changing direction or getting stuck at the branch outlet.

Barred tee manufacturers

The Barred Tee being processed

Here are a few renowned manufacturers of barred tees in the industry:

MSS SP-75 Barred Tee - This manufacturer specializes in providing high-quality barred tees that adhere to the MSS SP-75 standard. They offer a wide range of sizes, materials, and specifications to meet different project requirements.
ANSI B16.9 Barred Tee Manufacturer - This manufacturer produces barred tees according to ANSI B16.9 standards. They offer custom solutions for various industries, ensuring reliable and safe branch connections.
ASME Barred Tee Supplier - With a focus on ASME compliance, this manufacturer offers a diverse selection of barred tees suitable for critical applications. They provide solutions for both standard and customized specifications.
Special Alloy Barred Tee Manufacturer - If you require barred tees made from special alloys like stainless steel, duplex, or super duplex materials, this manufacturer specializes in producing these customized fittings to cater to specific corrosion resistance and strength needs.
Oil & Gas Industry Barred Tees - This manufacturer has a strong presence in the oil and gas sector, producing barred tees designed to withstand the demanding conditions of offshore and onshore installations.
Power Generation Barred Tee Supplier - For power plants and energy projects, this manufacturer offers barred tees engineered to handle high-temperature and high-pressure environments, ensuring reliable branch connections.
Custom Fabricated Barred Tees - If you require unique dimensions or configurations, this manufacturer specializes in custom fabricating barred tees to your exact specifications, ensuring a perfect fit for your piping systems.

Advantages of Barred Tees

Flow Control: Barred tees offer a reliable means of controlling and directing fluid flow, eliminating the need for additional valves or equipment.
Pressure Drop Minimization: The unique design of barred tees minimizes pressure drop and turbulence, ensuring efficient flow while optimizing energy consumption.
Space Efficiency: Barred tees provide a compact solution for flow diversion, making them suitable for installations where space is limited.

Key Considerations for Implementation

When incorporating barred tees into a piping system, several factors must be considered:

Flow Characteristics: Analyze the fluid properties, flow rates, and operational requirements to determine the appropriate bar configuration and branch angle.
Material Compatibility: Select the material that is compatible with the fluid being transported and capable of withstanding the operating conditions.
Pressure and Temperature: Ensure that the barred tee can handle the pressure and temperature conditions of the system without compromising performance.

The barred tee, with its distinctive design and versatile applications, emerges as a critical component in optimizing fluid flow in piping systems across industries. Its ability to provide controlled flow management, minimize pressure drop, and enhance fluid dynamics makes it an invaluable asset in achieving seamless and efficient operation. By understanding its design principles, advantages, and considerations, engineers and professionals can harness the power of barred tees to enhance fluid flow management and system performance.

Barred Tee / Pigged Tee

Piping Tees are used either for dividing main flow in two streams or for combining flow from two streams. Tees are normal or perpendicular to the pipe axis and normally produced by forging and are designed based on ASME B 16.9 or ASME B 16.11.

Barred tee is the special type of tee and is designed like adding bar plates inside the branch outlet on a normal tee. In pig launcher or receiver system, barred tee is used to ensure the pig could pass the branch safely.There is no international standard dimension for the barred tee. It is custom-made using the ASME B16.9/ MSS-SP 75 tee as a base with or without the help of Shell DEP 31.40.10.13-Gen or ISO 15590-2 standard.

The bar plates in sufficient quantity, thickness, and adequately spaced are welded internally at the branch to ensure the smoothness for the pig to run through the main pipe, and at the same time not affect the flow direction or getting stuck at the branch outlet. The bars are to be small enough not to restrict the flow but large enough to sustain the pressure of the flow. Sharp edges and burs are removed and the bars are to be grind to the branch curvature inorder to protect the pig sensors from damage. Bar plates are made with same material for weldability. Weld Repairs on Parent metal are prohibited. Standard practice is to avoid welding guide bars directly on the high-stress concentrated areas of the extrusion neck. Bar ends must be machined to fit the branch.

In piping engineering, a Tee or Tee connection is a very significant pipe fitting that is regularly used to join or divide a flow. There are 2 types of tees available: equal tee and reducing tee. However, in pigged pipelines, a unique type of tee connection called the Barred Tee or Pigged Tee is often utilized. In this article, we will look at a few aspects of the barred tee and tee connections.

Comparison of Tee and Barred Tee

Tee – A tee is a type of fitting that enables fluid to flow through its main pipe and branch out. The branch might be constructed to be the equivalent size of the main pipe (known as an Equal Tee) or smaller in size than the main pipe (known as a Reducing Tee).

What is a barred tee? – A barred tee is a particular type of tee that is built from a standard tee (either an equal or a reducing tee) and is afterward installed with bar plates inside the branch outlet (from the inside, it looks like a steel cage) to prevent the pig from flowing from the header pipe into the branch pipes. Barred Tee is much costlier than normal tee.

Tee and Barred Tee Design Standards and Codes

The international standard dimensions of the tee (DN16 and above) will be addressed by ASME B16.9 or MSS-SP 75.
The barred tee has no international standard dimension. It is customized as per the ASME B16.9/MSS-SP 75 tee as a basis. However, several manufacturers base their barred tee on the Shell DEP 31.40.10.13-Gen or ISO 15590-2 standards.
This design can be used as a guideline to evaluate the vendor’s design.

Tee vs Barred Tee

Typical Tee and Barred Tee Connection

Tee is a type of fittings that allows fluid to flow on its main pipe and branch out. The branch can be designed equally the same size as the main pipe (known as Equal Tee), or smaller size than the main pipe (known as Reducing Tee).

Barred Tee is a special type of Tee that base from a normal tee (can be either equal tee or reducing tee) that at later stage, will be added with bar plates inside the branch outlet (From inside it looks like a steel cage) to restrict the pig from flowing from the header pipe into the branch pipes.

Tee and Barred Tee Design Standards and Codes

The international standard dimensions of the tee (DN16 and above) will be addressed by ASME B16.9 or MSS-SP 75.
The barred tee has no international standard dimension. It is customized as per the ASME B16.9/MSS-SP 75 tee as a basis. However, several manufacturers base their barred tee on the Shell DEP 31.40.10.13-Gen or ISO 15590-2 standards.
This design can be used as a guideline to evaluate the vendor’s design.

What is the difference between tee and barred tee?

Barred Tee is a special type of tee that base from a normal tee (can be either equal tee or reducing tee) that at later stage, will be added with bar plates inside the branch outlet (From inside it looks like a steel cage) to restrict the pig from flowing from the header pipe into the branch pipes.

Tee or Tee connection in piping engineering is a very important pipe fitting and is frequently used to combine or divide a flow. Two types of Tee are available, Equal Tee and Reducing Tee. However, in pigged pipelines, one special type of tee connection is widely used which is known as Barred Tee or Pigged Tee.

So from the above discussion, we can summarize the following differences:

Parameter	Tee	Barred Tee
Definition	Standard Pipe Fitting	A special type of piping component
Manufacturing	Generally by Extrusion or forging	Mostly Fabricated
Use	Used in both piping and pipeline engineering	used in pipeline engineering near the pig launcher/receiver
Design Code / Standard	ASME B 16.9/MSS SP 75	Shell DEP 31.40.10.13-Gen or ISO 15590-2
Production Quantity	Large scale in bulk	Select small quantities (custom made)
Cost	Cheaper	Costlier than normal Tee

Barred Tee Design Considerations

The barred tee will be utilized when pigging is required. As a result, many of its applications can be found in the pipeline or the subsea field.
The bar plates welded inside the branch prevent the pig from shifting direction or becoming jammed at the branch outlet.
The design of the bar plates must be sufficient in quantity, thickness, and distance to enable smoothness for the pig to go through the main pipe while not interfering with the flow intended to flow through the branch. The normal approach is to guarantee that the opening in the branch pipeline after guided bars does not exceed 40% of the main pipeline area.
The size of the bars in the branch connection must be small enough not to limit flow while being large enough to sustain flow pressure.
To maintain smoothness, the bar plates must be machined to match the branch curve. Sharp edges, spatters, and bursts must be eliminated. The smoothness of the pigging procedure is critical for protecting the pig’s sensor from harm.
The bar plates should be evenly spaced.
A bridge plate will be installed in the middle of larger tee (sizes 14 inches and higher) to support the bar stiffness when hit by the pig.
For weldability, the material of the bar plates is generally the same as the material of the tee.
It is common practice to avoid welding guide bars directly onto extrusion neck high-stress concentration areas. The bar ends must be machined to fit the branch.
Weld repairs on the parent metal are not permitted.

Standard

Pipe fitting dimensions are in either metric or Standard English.

Because pipe fitting covers Pipe Fitting Dimensions several aspects, only the most common pipe fitting sizes can be given here. The most applied version is the 90° long radius and the 45° elbow, while the 90° short radius elbow is applied if there is too little space. The function of a 180° elbow is to change direction of flow through 180°. Both, the LR and the SR types have a center to center dimension double the matching 90° elbows. These fittings will generally be used in furnesses or other heating or cooling units.

Some of the standards that apply to buttwelded fittings are listed below. Many organizations such as ASME, ASTM, ISO, MSS, etc. have very well developed standards and specifications for buttwelded fittings. It is always up to the designer to ensure that they are following the applicable standard and company specification, if available, during the design process.

Some widely used pipe fitting standards are as follows:

ASME: American Society for Mechanical Engineers
This is one of the reputed organizations in the world developing codes and standards.
The schedule number for pipe fitting starts from ASME/ANSI B16. The various classifications of ASME/ANSI B16 standards for different pipe fittings are as follows:

ASME/ANSI B16.1 – 1998 – Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.3 – 1998 – Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.4 – 1998 – Cast Iron Threaded Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.5 – 1996 – Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.11 – 2001 – Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
ASME/ANSI B16.14 – 1991 – Ferrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe Threads
ASME/ANSI B16.15 – 1985 (R1994) – Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings
ASME/ANSI B16.25 – 1997 – Buttwelding Ends
ASME/ANSI B16.36 – 1996 – Orifice Flanges etc.

ASTM International: American Society for Testing and Materials
This is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world. It was originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).

ASTM A105/A105M – Specification for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications
ASTM A234/A234M – Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
ASTM A403/A403M – Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings
ASTM A420/A420M – Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service

AWWA: American Water Works Association

AWWA About – Established in 1881, the American Water Works Association is the largest nonprofit, scientific and educational association dedicated to managing and treating water, the world’s most important resource.

AWWA C110 – Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings, 3 Inch Through 48 Inch (75 mm Through 1200 mm), for Water and Other Liquids
AWWA C208 – Dimensions for Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings

ANSI: The American National Standards Institute

ANSI is a private, non-profit organization. Its main function is to administer and coordinate the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It provides a forum for development of American national standards. ANSI assigns “schedule numbers”. These numbers classify wall thicknesses for different pressure uses.

MSS STANDARDS: Manufacturers Standardization Society
The Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valve and Fittings Industry is a non-profit technical association organized for development and improvement of industry, national and international codes and standards for: Valves, Valve Actuators, Valve Modification, Pipe Fittings, Pipe Hangers, Pipe Supports, Flanges and Associated Seals

MSS SP-43 – Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings Including Reference to Other Corrosion Resistant Materials
MSS SP-75 – Specifications for High Test Wrought Buttwelding Fittings
MSS SP-73 – Brazing Joints for Copper and Copper Alloy Pressure Fittings
MSS SP-83 – Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket-Welding and Threaded
MSS SP-97 – Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet Fittings — Socket Welding, Threaded, and Buttwelding Ends
MSS SP-106 – Cast Copper Alloy Flanges and Flanged Fittings Class 125,150, and 300
MSS SP-119 – Factory-Made Wrought Belled End Socket Welding Fittings

Difference between “Standard” and “Codes”:

Piping codes imply the requirements of design, fabrication, use of materials, tests and inspection of various pipe and piping system. It has a limited jurisdiction defined by the code. On the other hand, piping standards imply application design and construction rules and requirements for pipe fittings like adapters, flanges, sleeves, elbows, union, tees, valves etc. Like a code, it also has a limited scope defined by the standard.

Factors affecting standards: “Standards” on pipe fittings are based on certain factors like as follows:

Pressure-temperature ratings
Size
Design
Coatings
Materials
Marking
End connections
Dimensions and tolerances
Threading
Pattern taper etc.

BSP: British Standard Pipe

BSP is the U.K. standard for pipe fittings. This refers to a family of standard screw thread types for interconnecting and sealing pipe ends by mating an external (male) with an internal (female) thread. This has been adopted internationally. It is also known as British Standard Pipe Taper threads (BSPT )or British Standard Pipe Parallel (Straight) threads (BSPP ). While the BSPT achieves pressure tight joints by the threads alone, the BSPP requires a sealing ring.

JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards

This is the Japanese industrial standards or the standards used for industrial activities in Japan for pipe, tube and fittings and published through Japanese Standards Associations.

NPT: National Pipe Thread

National Pipe Thread is a U.S. standard straight (NPS) threads or for tapered (NPT) threads. This is the most popular US standard for pipe fittings. NPT fittings are based on the internal diameter (ID) of the pipe fitting.

BOLTS & NUTS

We are manufacturer of Flange bolts & Nuts and supply high quality

A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, Valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service.
A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.

AN: Here, “A” stands for Army and “N” stands for Navy

The AN standard was originally designed for the U.S. Military. Whenever, a pipe fitting is AN fittings, it means that the fittings are measured on the outside diameter of the fittings, that is, in 1/16 inch increments.

For example, an AN 4 fitting means a fitting with an external diameter of approximately 4/16″ or ¼”. It is to be noted that approximation is important because AN external diameter is not a direct fit with an equivalent NPT thread.

Dash (-) size

Dash size is the standard used to refer to the inside diameter of a hose. This indicates the size by a two digit number which represents the relative ID in sixteenths of an inch. This is also used interchangeably with AN fittings. For example, a Dash “8” fitting means an AN 8 fitting.

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

ISO is the industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from the International Organization for Standardization. ISO standards are numbered. They have format as follows:

“ISO[/IEC] [IS] nnnnn[:yyyy] Title” where

nnnnn: standard number
yyyy: year published, and
Title: describes the subject

General standard

Standard	Specification
ASTM A234	Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service
ASTM A420	Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service
ASTM A234 WPB	ASTM A234 WPB refers to a specific grade of carbon steel pipe fittings, which are widely used in pressure piping and pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures.
ASME B16.9	ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).
ASME B16.28	ASME B16.28 Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns.
MSS SP-97	MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of buttwelding, socket welding, and threaded types.
ASTM A403	Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings.

Wide variety for all areas of application

DIN	EN	ASME
St 35.8 I St 35.8 III 15 Mo 3 13 CrMo 4 4 10 CrMo 9 10 St 35 N St 52.0 St 52.4	P235GH-TC1 P235GH-TC2 16Mo3 13CrMo4-5 10CrMo9-10 X10CrMoVNb9-1 P215NL P265NL L360NB L360NE P355N P355NL1 P355NH	WPB WPL6 WPL3 WPHY 52 WP11 WP22 WP5 WP9 WP91 WP92

ASTM A234/A234M is a standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for moderate and high-temperature service. This specification covers several grades of fittings that are used in various applications in the oil and gas, petrochemical, and power generation industries.

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Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A234/A234M

Grade	Type	C	Si	S	P	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	Other	ób	ós	δ5
WPB	0.3	0.1min	0.058	0.05	0.29-1.06	0.4	0.4	0.15	V:0.06;Nb:0.02	415-585	240	22	197
WPC	0.35	0.1min	0.058	0.05	0.29-1.06	0.4	0.4	0.15	V:0.06;Nb:0.02	485-655	275	22	197
WP1	0.28	0.1-0.5	0.045	0.045	0.3-0.9			0.44-0.65		380-550	205	22	197
WP12 CL1	0.05-0.2	0.6	0.045	0.045	0.3-0.8	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65		415-585	220	22	197
WP12 CL2	0.05-0.2	0.6	0.045	0.045	0.3-0.8	0.8-1.25		0.44-0.65		485-655	275	22	197
WP11 CL1	0.05-0.15	0.5-1	0.03	0.03	0.3-0.6	1-1.5		0.44-0.65		415-585	205	22	197
WP11 CL2	0.05-0.2	0.5-1	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.8	1-1.5		0.44-0.65		485-655	275	22	197
WP11 CL3	0.05-0.2	0.5-1	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.8	1-1.5		0.44-0.65		520-690	310	22	197
WP22 CL1	0.05-0.15	0.5	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.6	1.9-2.6		0.87-1.13		415-585	205	22	197
WP22 CL3	0.05-0.15	0.5	0.04	0.04	0.3-0.6	1.9-2.6		0.87-1.13		520-690	310	22	197
WP5 CL1	0.15	0.5	0.03	0.04	0.3-0.6	4-6		0.44-0.65		415-585	205	22	217
WP5 CL3	0.15	0.5	0.03	0.04	0.3-0.6	4-6		0.44-0.65		520-690	310	22	217
WP9 CL1	0.15	1	0.03	0.03	0.3-0.6	8-10		0.9-1.1		415-585	205	22	217
WP9 CL3	0.15	1	0.03	0.03	0.3-0.6	8-10		0.9-1.1		520-690	310	22	217
WPR	0.2		0.05	0.045	0.4-1.06		1.6-2.24			435-605	315	22/28	217
WP91	0.08-0.12	0.2-0.5	0.01	0.02	0.3-0.6	8-9.5	0.4	0.85-1.05	See sdandard	585-760	415	20	248
WP911	0.09-0.13	0.1-0.5	0.01	0.02	0.3-0.6	8.5-10.5	0.4	0.9-1.1	See sdandard	620-840	440	20	248

Notes:

For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.

The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.

The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.

The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.

Mechanical properties of ASTM A234

Tensile Requirements	WPB	WPC, WP11CL2	WP11CL1	WP11CL3
Tensile Strength, min, ksi[MPa] (0.2% offset or 0.5% extension-under-load)	60-85 [415-585]	70-95 [485-655]	60-85 [415-585]	75-100 [520-690]
Yield Strength, min, ksi[MPa]	32 [240]	40 [275]	30 [205]	45 [310]

What is the ASTM A403?

ASTM A403 Stainless Steel Pipe Fittings refers to the material of forged and rolled austenitic stainless fittings for pressure pipes. Common grades are WP304/L, WP316/L. They can be used into many fields as engineering industry, energy conversion plants etc.

ASTM A403 Standard specification covers the standard for wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings for pressure piping applications.

Chemical Composition (%) of ASTM A403

Steel No.	Type	C	Si	S	P	Mn	Cr	Ni	Mo	Other	ób	ós
WP304	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-11			515	205	28
WP304H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-11			515	205	28
WP304L	0.035	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-13			485	170	28
WP304LN	0.03	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-10.5		N2:0.1-0.16	515	205	28
WP304N	0.08	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	8-11		N2:0.1-0.16	550	240	28
WP309	0.15	1	0.03	0.045	2	22-24	12-15			515	205	28
WP310	0.15	1.5	0.03	0.045	2	24-26	19-22			515	205	28
WP316	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	10-14	2-3		515	205	28
WP316H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	10-14	2-3		515	205	28
WP316LN	0.03	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	11-14	2-3	N2:0.1-0.16	515	205	28
WP316L	0.035	1	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	10-16	2-3		485	170	28
WP316N	0.08	0.75	0.03	0.045	2	16-18	11-14	2-3	N2:0.1-0.16	550	240	28
WP317	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	11-15	3-4		515	205	28
WP317L	0.03	1	0.03	0.045	2	18-20	11-15	3-4		515	205	28
WP321	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ti:5C-0.7	515	205	28
WP321H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ti:4C-0.7	515	205	28
WP347	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Nb+Ta:10C-1.1	515	205	28
WP347H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Nb+Ta:8C-1	515	205	28
WP348	0.08	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ta:0.1	515	205	28
WP348H	0.04-0.1	1	0.03	0.045	2	17-20	9-13		Ta:0.1	515	205	28

Notes:

For each reduction of 0.01% below the specified C maximum, an increase of 0.06% Mn above the specified maximum will be permitted, up to a maximum of 1.35%.

The sum of Cu, Ni, Cr, and Mo shall not exceed 1.00%.

The sum of Cr and Mo shall not exceed 0.32%.

The maximum carbon equivalent (C.E.) shall be 0.50, based on heat analysis and the formula C.E.=C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15.

Mechanical properties of ASTM A403

Grade	UNS	Tensile Strength, min		Yield Strength,min		Elongation min % in 4D
Grade	UNS	ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa	Longit %	Trans%
ALL	ALL	75	515	30	205	28	20
304L	S30403	70	485	25	170	28	20
316L	S31603	70	485	25	170	28	20
304N	S30451	80	550	35	240	28	20
316N	S31651	80	550	35	240	28	20
316N	S31726	80	550	35	240	28	20
XM-19	S20910	100	690	55	380	28	20
	S31254	94-119	650-820	44	300	28	20
	S34565	115	795	60	415	28	20
	S33228	73	500	27	185	28	20

Material Furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of specifications A960/A960M including any supplementary requirements that are indicates in the purchase order. Failure to company with the common requirements of Specification A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specification . In case of conflict between this specification and Specification A960/A960M , this specification shall prevail.

Material Furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of specifications A960/A960M including any supplementary requirements that are indicates in the purchase order. Failure to company with the common requirements of Specification A960/A960M constitutes non-conformance with this specification. In case of conflict between this specification and Specification A960/A960M , this specification shall prevail.

What grade of steel is ASTM A403?

The standard includes several grades of austenitic stainless steel alloys, and uses the WP or CR prefix to mark the grade of steel, depending on the applicable ASTM or MSS size and rated pressure standards. ASTM A403 is designed for forged steel pipe fittings, Cast pipe fittings are not suitable.

Elements	WPL6, %	WPL9, %	WPL3, %	WPL8, %
Carbon [C]	≤0.30	≤0.20	≤0.20	≤0.13
Manganese [Mn]	0.50-1.35	0.40-1.06	0.31-0.64	≤0.90
Phosphorus [P]	≤0.035	≤0.030	≤0.05	≤0.030
Sulfur [S]	≤0.040	≤0.030	≤0.05	≤0.030
Silicon [Si]	0.15-0.40	…	0.13-0.37	0.13-0.37
Nickel [Ni]	≤0.40	1.60-2.24	3.2-3.8	8.4-9.6
Chromium [Cr]	≤0.30	...	...	...
Molybdenum [Mo]	≤0.12	...	...	...
Copper [Cu]	≤0.40	0.75-1.25	…	…
Columbium [Cb]	≤0.02	...	...	...
Vanadium[V]	≤0.08	...	...	...

ASTM A420/ A420M	Tensile Strength, min.	Yield Strength, min.	Elongation %, min
Grade	ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa	Longitudinal	Transverse
WPL6	65-95	415-655	35	240	22	12
WPL9	63-88	435-610	46	315	20	…
WPL3	65-90	450-620	35	240	22	14
WPL8	100-125	690-865	75	515	16	…

ASME / ANSI B16.9 dimension

ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).

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Nominal	Outside Diameter		90° Elbows		45° Elbows		180° Returns
Pipe Size			Long Radius	Short Radius	Long Radius		Long Radius
(inches)	(mm)	(inches)	Center to Face	Center to Face	Center to Face	Radius	Center to Center	Back to face
			(inches)	(inches)	(inches)	(inches)	(inches)	(inches)
1/2	21.3	0.84	1.5	–	5/8		2	1.875
3/4	26.7	1.05	1.125	–	7/16		2.25	1.6875
1	33.4	1.315	1.5	1	7/8		3	2.1875
1.25	42.2	1.66	1.875	1.25	1		3.75	2.75
1.5	48.3	1.9	2.25	1.5	1.125	3	4.5	3.25
2	60.3	2.375	3	2	1.375	4	6	4.1875
2.5	73	2.875	3.75	2.5	1.75	5	7.5	5.1875
3	88.9	3.5	4.5	3	2	6	9	6.25
3.5	101.6	4	5.25	3.5	2.25	7	10.5	7.25
4	114.3	4.5	6	4	2.5	8	12	8.25
5	141.3	5.563	7.5	5	3.125	10	15	10.3125
6	168.3	6.625	9	6	3.75	12	18	12.3125
8	219.1	8.625	12	8	5	12	24	16.3125
10	273.1	10.75	15	10	6.25	15	30	20.375
12	323.9	12.75	18	12	7.5	18	36	24.375

Tolerances of Welded Fittings

NOMINAL PIPE SIZE NPS	ANGULARITY TOLERANCES	ANGULARITY TOLERANCES
Size	Off Angle Q	Off Plane P
½ to 4	0.03	0.06
5 to 8	0.06	0.12
10 to 12	0.09	0.19
14 to 16	0.09	0.25
18 to 24	0.12	0.38
26 to 30	0.19	0.38
32 to 42	0.19	0.5
44 to 48	0.18	0.75

All dimensions are given in inches. Tolerances are equal plus and minus except as noted.

Out-of-round is the sum of absolute values of plus and minus tolerance.
This tolerance may not apply in localized areas of formed fittings where increased wall thickness is required to meet design requirements of ASME B16.9.
The inside diameter and the nominal wall thicknesses at ends are to be specified by the purchaser.
Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, these tolerances apply to the nominal inside diameter, which equals the difference between the nominal outside diameter and twice the nominal wall thickness.

The ASME B16.9 pipe fittings can be used under the jurisdiction of the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) as well as the ASME Code for pressure piping. Referencing pressure ratings of flanges per ASME B16.5, they can be designated as Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500. The allowable pressure ratings for ASME B16.9 pipe fittings may be calculated as for straight seamless pipe of equivalent material in accordance with the rules established in the applicable sections of ASME B31 Code for pressure piping.

Design of Fittings

The design of butt welding pipe fittings made to ASME B16.9 shall be established by one of the following methods: (a) mathematical analyses contained in pressure vessel or piping codes; (b) proof testing; (c) experimental stress analysis with hydrostatic testing to validate experimental results; (d) detailed stress analysis with results evaluation.

Standard Marking

Generally, ASME B16.9 pipe fittings shall be marked to show the following details: “trademark + material grade + wall thickness + size + heat number”. For example, “M ASTM A234 WP5 SCH80 6″ 385“. When steel stamps are used, care shall be taken so that
the marking is not deep enough or sharp enough to cause cracks or to reduce the wall thickness of the fitting below the minimum allowed.

Material & Manufacture

The ASME B16.9 fittings may be made from an extensive range of mateirals covering (1) carbon and low-alloy steels in accordance with ASTM A234 and ASTM A420; (2) austenitic and duplex stainless steels in accordance with ASTM A403 and ASTM A815; (3) nickel alloys in accordance with ASTM B366; (4) aluminum alloys in accordance with ASTM B361; and (5) titanium alloys in accordance with ASTM B363.

Pipe Fittings Dimensions Tolerance as per ASME B16.9:

Sizes 1/2″ – 48″

ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Elbow – Long Radius
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Elbow – Short Radius
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Reducing Elbow
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld 45° Elbow
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Fabricated Tee
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Reducer
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Concentric Reducer
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Eccentric Reducer
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld 3D Elbow
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Stub Ends
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Cross
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Reducing Cross
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Tees
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld End Cap
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Coupling
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld Pipe Nipple
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Weld 5D Elbow
ASME / ANSI B16.9 Butt Welded Pipe Fittings

Elements	Value, %
Carbon (C)	≤0.30
Manganese (Mn)	≤1.60
Phosphorus (P)	≤0.035
Sulfur (S)	≤0.035
Copper (Cu)	≤0.50
Nickel (Ni)	≤0.50
Silicon (Si)	≤0.50
Chromium (Cr)	≤0.25
Molybdenum (Mo)	≤0.13
Vanadium (V)	≤0.13
Columbium (Cb)	≤0.10
Titanium(Ti)	≤0.05

Nominal wall Thickness : t	End Preparation
t<5mm (for austenitic alloy steel	Cut square or slightly chamfer
t<4mm)	at manufacturer ' s option
5<22mm (4<22mm)< td="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><22mm)<><22mm	Plain Bevel as in sketch ( a ) above
t>22mm	Compound Bevel as in sketch ( b ) above

Process

For the manufacturing process of all pipe fittings, forming is an indispensable process. Because the forming process of different products is different, it needs a long time.

Heating

In order to meet the requirements of material deformation in the forming process, it is necessary to heat the blank when the tube is manufactured by hot forming method. The temperature usually depends on the material and heating process.

During the forming of hot pushing elbow or hot bending elbow, the medium frequency or high frequency induction heating method is usually used, and the flame heating method is also used. This kind of heating mode is continuous heating which is synchronous with the forming process of elbow or elbow. The tube blank is heated in motion and the forming process is completed.

When hot pressing elbow, hot pressing tee or forging are formed, the heating method of reverberatory furnace, flame heating, induction heating or electric furnace heating are usually adopted. This kind of heating is to first heat the tube blank to the required temperature, and then put it into the die for pressing or forging.

Welding

There are two kinds of pipe fittings with welding seam. One is the pipe fittings made of welded pipe. For the pipe fitting manufacturer, the forming process of welded pipe is basically the same as that of seamless pipe, and the forming process of pipe fitting does not include welding process; the other is that the pipe fitting manufacturer completes the welding process required for pipe fitting forming, such as the elbow formed by assembling and welding after single piece pressing The tee pipe is welded into tube blank after being rolled by steel plate drum, etc.

The commonly used welding methods of pipe fittings are manual arc welding, gas shielded welding and automatic welding.

Our factory guides the welding work according to the preparation of the welding procedure specification, and carries out the welding procedure qualification according to the corresponding specification requirements, so as to verify the correctness of the welding procedure specification and evaluate the welding ability of the welder.

Deep Drawing method of end caps

One of the most common manufacturing methods for caps, where plate is cut out in a circle and formed by deep drawing.

Deep drawing is the manufacturing process of forming sheet metal stock, called blanks, into geometrical or irregular shapes that are more than half their diameters in depth. Deep drawing involves stretching the metal blank around a plug and then moving it into a moulding cutter called a die.

A drawing press can be used for forming sheet metal into different shapes and the finished shape depends on the final position that the blanks are pushed down in. The metal used in deep drawing must be malleable as well as resistant to stress and tension damage.